The Revelation- Ernest Hemingways A Farewell To Arms Essays

The Revelation- Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell To Arms The Revelation Ernest Hemingways WWI classic, A Farewell to Arms is a story of initiation in which the growth of the protagonist, Frederic Henry, is recounted. Frederic is initially a na?ve and unreflective boy who cannot grasp the meaning of the war in which he is so dedicated, nor the significance of his lovers predictions about his future. He cannot place himself amidst the turmoil that surrounds him and therefore, is unable to fully justify a world of death and destruction. Ultimately, his distinction between his failed relationship with Catherine Barkley and the devastation of the war allows him to mature and arrive at the resolution that the only thing one can be sure of in the course of life is death and personal obliteration (Phelan 54). In order to chronicle Frederics maturation, it is first necessary to understand his character; he is what critics label a Hemingway Code Hero. Indigenous to nearly all of Ernest Hemingways novels, the Hemingway man lives by one simple rule: Man the player is born; life the game will kill him (Rovit and Brenner 90). This man looks to derive meaning and dignity from his stale, directionless being. In Frederic Henrys case, the search for a system of values and morals is difficult because he is caught between two very socially defined extremes, love and war. He only gains knowledge through his direct experience with these two elements and through the indirect teachings of various characters in the novel (Waldhorn 68). It is suggested that Frederic must commit to a comfortable medium between the selflessness of the young priest and the egocentricity of Rinaldi. In the introductory chapters, Frederic is torn between spending his holiday in the cold, clear mountains of Abruzzi with the priests family, and taking his leave in the city, where most of his time would be spent at the dispose of taverns and institutions of prostitution. Frederic chooses to spend his time in the city rather than Abruzzi, although that is where he had wanted to go (Hemingway 13). Frederic realizes that there is a moral and religious way of life, which the priest represents, and he respects these values of the priest. He acknowledges the fact that the priest has a code to live by. On the other shoulder sits Rinaldi, the satisfied, self-assured surgeon with whom Frederic also tries to identify. Rinaldi seems fulfilled, but as the war progresses he falls into a world of despair and disease. Although he cannot see it, Rinaldi too closely resembles Frederics dilemma and therefore is unable to tutor him (Waldhorn 69-70). Tremendously significant, Frederic Henrys exchanges with the priest and Rinaldi play a strong role in his development because he is unable to solely identify with either of them. Frederics education is enhanced by his relationship with the English nurse, Catherine Barkley, as well. Originally, Catherine is nothing more than an object of sensual desire, but as the novel progresses, Catherine becomes symbolic of Frederics final resolution. At first Frederic views Catherine as a replacement for the boring prostitutes that he is accustomed to visiting. He takes advantage of her situation; Catherines fianc? has been killed in the war. I thought she was probably a little crazy. It was alright if she was. I did not care what I was getting into. I knew I did not love Catherine Barkley nor had any idea of loving her. This was a game, like bridge, in which you said things instead of playing cards. Like bridge you had to pretend you were playing for money or playing for some stakes. Nobody had mentioned what the stakes were. It was alright with me (Hemingway 30-31). Typical of an immature youth, Frederic blatantly takes advantage of Catherine. He does not, however, realize the extent of Catherines shrewdness. She commits herself absolutely to the affair only because she had not given her innocence to her deceased fianc? (Donaldson 60). Catherine possesses the one major insight that Frederic does not: death is the end of all existence. Frederic attaches himself to Catherine because he yearns for a sort of order. Having discovered the value of his relationship with Catherine, Frederic returns to the front, only to find

ENG4U0 Essays - Fiction, Education, Literature, Characters In Hamlet

ENG4U0 Essays - Fiction, Education, Literature, Characters In Hamlet ENG4U0 Teacher's name Date Student's name Rachel comes of age at her own expense and little influence from other characters in the play, however,in the film Rachel comes of age due to a heavy impact and influence from other on her. Rachel's maturing and tolerance developed for other ideologies is shown very well through Rachel's attitude toward Evolution and Cates deeds by the end of the play, her sense of fear which she tries to free herself and break through, and similarities to Gertrude's approach toward Claudius' actions in the play Hamlet . Rachel's journey to critical thinking and maturing mentally begins when the trial challenges her to reconsider her ideology. The trial of Brett Cates challenges Rachel to step out of her comfort zone, think critically, and analyze different possibilities and beliefs. Consequently, Rachel begins to change her perspective of other people's opinions. After the trial, Rachel is talking to Bert and Henry Drummond; She shares her new abstract of thinking and viewing different situations. "This is your book, Bert. I've read it. All the way through. I don't understand it. What I do understand, I don't like. I don't want to think that men came from apes and monkeys. But I think that's beside the point" (Play 124). Rachel do admit that she doesn't understand On the Origin of Species , but it is clear that now she has a sense of tolerance for other perspectives and ideologies. This solid tolerance gained after a confusion-like state is very well explained by Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial developments. Erikson's theory states that there is a time in our lifetime which we go though a sense of self search, personal identity, and personal value evaluation. "The fifth stage is identity vs. role confusion, and it occurs during adolescence, from about 12-18 years. During this stage, adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs and goals." Erikson's theory explains why and how Rachel became self aware, reconsidered, and reevaluated her belief system and ideology which she was forced to believe by her father and the teaching system of 1950s. Rachel goes through a role confusion and tries to decide between identities that she can pursue. Ultimately, Rachel as a result of her mental experiments and the situation she is in, chooses to become an independent thinker, and leaves her father, one of the main contributors to her fundamentalistic ideology she had before. "I'll help you!" (Play 129), Rachel says to Cates, who taught his students to be critical thinkers and examine both thought-systems, evolution and religion critically. Likewise, Rachel approaches her new system of thinking by the help of the fear she has; specifically, a sense of fear from her father. "... I wanted to run to my father, and have him tell me I was safe, that everything was alright. But I was always more frightened of him than I was of falling. It's the same way now." (Play 55). Fear can both be good and bad for a person. Sometimes it can be a motivator, though sometimes it can be a reason for not processing forward into the better. The sense of the fear Rachel has, eventually pushes her into breaking the imaginary bonds that are holding her back from being a critical thinker of situations and matters. She talks about her sense of fear in various parts of the play. This fear is seen in Rachel is like a tide of wave in an ocean that pushes the person back. Rachel fights with this sense of fear, tries to solve it within herself. Gradually, she frees herself, admitting her fear was holding her back "...I was always afraid of wh at I might think - so it seemed safer not to think at all. " (Play 124). Furthermore, Rachel's coming of age is very similar, in both the context and the way it happened to Gertrude in the play Hamlet . In Shakespeare's play, Hamlet, Gertrude is unaware of who Claudius really is. She even at points stand against her own son, calling him mad not knowing she has mistaken the guilty person. Alas, how is 't with you, That

The role of computers in teaching and learning Essay

The role of computers in teaching and learning - Essay Example A teacher can use a white board also to demonstrate and enhance learning experience. Another fact is if a student writes while he is studying the concept gets stored in his mind in a better way. The concept author is trying to explain here is that designed instructional media can only help and support a teacher in his teaching. This can be further explained by the fact that things said by a teacher are better explained and understood when pictures are used to illustrate them using designed instructional media. The final point raised by the author here is, the designed instructional media’s effectiveness depends upon the teacher meaning that how well the teacher is using all these accessories to achieve his objective. To make sure that the computer and its peripherals are in a good working condition the best way is to check up everything. The first step would be to make sure that the computer is not situated in an isolated place and the place is not very hot. Computers should be placed in places where cross ventilation is good. A checkup should be made to make sure all the hardware devices are in good working condition every wire is correctly plugged in. The compatibility of devices is very necessary or other wise a computer can have software problems while running. It should be made sure that all the jumpers are connected in their proper sockets. Every time the computer runs it should be properly booted and a proper procedure for shutting it down should be followed. Technology has given every field in the world a boost or a step forward. The same case is for teaching and learning. Technology gives us major support in learning and teaching things. Computer has revolutionized the world since it came into being. Computer has gone through evolution itself and made the human race feel its presence as well. People have started relying on computers a great deal which can be seen everywhere.

Evaluate the effect of Technological change on the Business Case Study

Evaluate the effect of Technological change on the Business Environment of Sony - Case Study Example The present study would focus on the technological change and their effects on the business strategy of organizations. The choice of the topic assumes significance in the present business environment as most of the firms operating in the modern day business environment have been severely affected as a result of the fluctuations in the business environment that has emerged as a result of the recent economic and financial crisis. The organization selected for the study is Sony Electronics. The choice of the organization assumes significance considering the fact that Sony is a market leader across many consumer electronic markets of the world as is known for its excellence in innovation in its product lines. The firm is accredited with numerous innovations in the field of consumer electronics. Products like Sony Walkman have created a revolution in the world. About the Company Sony Corporation was established in the year 1946 at Tokyo, Japan with an initial start up capital of 190,000 Y en (Sony, 2011). The name of the company has been derived from the Latin word ‘Sonus’ which means sound. ... roximately 7,214,000 million Yen as of 2009.The product portfolio of the company consists of Audio, Video, Televisions, Communication and information devices, Semiconductors and various electronic components like batteries, recording systems etc (Sony-b, 2011). The business prospects of Sony Corporation are largely affected due to the fluctuations in the business environment of the firm. The aspect is more important considering the fact that the firm operates in different markets across the globe which have different consumer behaviour. In addition to varying tastes of consumers the firm also faces issues that are related to the macro environmental aspects like exchange rate fluctuations, economic and fiscal policies etc. Presence of competitors also affects the business prospects of the firm as it plays a major role in shaping the future framework of strategies for the organization. The effect of fluctuating business environment can be easily ascertained by analysing the revised bus iness and revenue forecasts (refer annexure 1) of the company for the year 2010. The global economic down turn has also played a major role in the revision of estimated forecasts. This aspect assumes significance since the sales of electronic products are largely linked to the disposable income of the consumers. The global recession has played a major role in the declination of disposable incomes of individuals which has played a major role in the declination of sales volume and profitability of business organizations like Sony Corporation. Exchange rate fluctuations have also led to considerable pressure on the strategists of the organizations to lower their expected revenue margins. In addition the price competition which has started as a result of dip in sales figure corresponding to the

Diversifying Hoikuen Offerings to Drive Japan Essay Example for Free

Diversifying Hoikuen Offerings to Drive Japan Essay Japan lies amongst the leading countries in providing the early childhood care and education in the world. The pre-primary and child care industry is one of the most important growth drivers of the overall education industry in Japan and forms a major share of the educational spending of the households. The falling births rates of Japan for last several years have although adversely affected the number of enrollments in last few years, however, the demand for the childcare and preschool centres remains high. The rising participation of women in the workforce has further strengthened the demand. Presently, the government of Japan is facing huge to provide more number of preschool and childcare centres in order to meet the huge demand. Private players, over the years have taken advantage of the prevailing demand-supply crisis situation and have resultantly gained increasing traction in the pre-primary education and childcare industry of Japan. The pre-primary education and childcare markets of Japan are broadly segmented on the basis of the target population and work status of parents, and are governed under separate ministries. The pre-primary education market of Japan is characterized by high gross enrollment rates, encouraged and supported by growing awareness levels amongst the masses about the importance of the pre-primary education. Pre-primary education market thus enjoys a dominant share in the overall market and showcased revenues of USD ~ million in FY’2012. The pre-primary market caters to children of 3-6 years of age through preschool centres called youchien. The childcare market of Japan is growing industry segment which caters to children of 4 months to 6 years of age through centers called hoikuen. The childcare centres of Japan provide both preschool education and care to the young kids. The demand for the childcare centres has been rising in Japan with an increasing number of dual-income earning households. In FY’2013, the market registered revenues of USD ~ million, growing by 7. 8% from FY’2012. Japan pre-primary education and childcare industry is highly fragmented with private players forming ~% of the total market. An increasing number of players have entered in the industry over the years, attracted by the high demand existing in the sector. Some of the major players include Pigeonhearts Corporation, Poppins Corporation, Benesse and CombiWith Corporation. Majority of the major providers are subsidiaries of companies operating in diverse fields while only a few such as Poppins Corporation, specialize in providing childcare  services. The pre-primary and childcare industry of Japan is undergoing changes regarding the curriculum adopted for the academic purposes. The industry is transitioning from a play-based curriculum to increasing preferability of the academic orientation in preschools. Also, the preschools and childcare centres in Japan have started providing diversified services with a view to attract greater number of enrollments. These include enrichment lessons, care services at vacations, night time care etc. Furthermore, the separate formats of childcare and preschools are expected to merge in future in order to satisfy the rising demand. The report â€Å"Japan Pre-primary Education and Childcare Industry Outlook to FY’2018† provides detailed overview on the preschool industry from various perspectives. The report encloses a comprehensive analysis of the various segments of the market reflecting the present scenario and future growth affected by changing industry dynamics in coming years. Additionally, the report also entails information about the government rules and policies, rational analysis of the macroeconomic factors, along with the competitive landscape of the pre-primary education and childcare industry. The report will help industry consultants, companies and other stakeholders to align their market centric strategies according to ongoing and expected trends in future. For more information on the market, please refer to our recent publication on: http://www. kenresearch. com/education/pre-school-education/japan-pre-primary-education-research-report/400-99. html.

Multinational Corporations and the Destruction of the Family Essay

The pursuit of the bottom line is the goal of many businesses of a variety of sizes. The ability to buy cheaply, sell dearly and minimize costs across the board gives businesses an edge that allows them to create vast amounts of wealth for those with a stake in the business or corporation, but at what cost? Multinational corporations create great deals wealth but they propagate social and cultural inequality, poverty and environmental damage at rates to rival their gains. Multinational Corporations wield incredible amounts of political and economic clout, clout that allows them to manipulate a region without fear of recourse on the part of the localities in which they reside. The gains of corporations with respect to political and economic status are often accompanied by the withering of political and economic status on the part of indigenous populations and local labor forces. Specifically, the appearance of multinational corporations has served to aggravate the erosion of political and economic status at the familial level. The wielding of this economic and political power on the part of corporations is often characterized by violence on the part of its agents. One aspect that allows multinational corporations to survive in the business world is their lack of responsibility to the localities in which they do business. Albert J. Dunlap, a former CEO of multiple corporations had this to say about corporations : â€Å" The company belongs to people who invest in it- not to its employees, suppliers, nor the locality in which it is situated†. Even the market itself encourages corporations to be amoral and to turn a blind eye towards the needs of its employees and the regions. According to Richard Robbins â€Å"the fact is that environmenta... ...rized by the gendered conflict endured on the part of women worldwide. Female workers are appealing to multinational corporations because they are less likely to object to substandard working conditions(less likely to riot) and because corporations are able to pay women far less than what a man would make performing similar work. Women suffer physical and sexual abuse at the workplace in developing countries, trapped because they need the small wage they earn to support their families. The choice between starvation and abuse is a grim reality that many around the world suffer. Corporations have the power to pay women equally, and to pay all workers at a level that they can survive on, without threatening their profit margins by more than a few percent. Yet consider once again the Dunlap and Robbins quotes near the start of the paper, there is no motivation to do so.

Protestant Reformation Essay Essay

Have you aver questioned authority or superior forces than yourself? Martin Luther and John Calvin, two famous theologians deeply questioned their times authority, the Catholic Church. These two had created a new way of thinking and voicing it out, especially when it comes to religion. Questioning the Catholic Church and the works that came with that made both of them landmark points in the world’s history but the question relies on why they attacked the fundamental principles of the church. The strong opposition to selling indulgences and that anyone could make its way to heaven if they had the right amount of money was what ignited the reformation, including Martin Luther 95 theses against indulgences. Later on came John Calvin’s work against the Catholic Church including the Geneva reform and his idea of predestination, the idea that God is willing all of the events that can happen in one’s life. Both of these theologians had intentions of creating a truer version of the Christian religion and created their own form and version of Catholicism, Calvinism and Lutheranism. Some viewed these new branches/forms of Christianity as a new way of interpreting the religion and some; according to Prentice Hall world history thought it would be a chance to â€Å"throw off the rule of both the Church and the Holy Roman Empire.† (Ellis and Esler 64) In a whole, both of their works were a way to challenge and attack the Church and to voice out their ideas, which differed from those of the religious authorities. In this time period, late 15th through the end of the 16th century, the Catholic Church was the predominant authority and religion in most of Europe, it had a set of rules, in theory based on the bible, that everyone had to follow. However, these so called laws from the bible were modified and made to arrange the leaders, especially rich individuals. One of the main laws was flagrantly unequal and people understood that but couldn’t voice it out fearing the superior powers in rule. This law, of course was in the advantage of the most fortunate and the richest. This was the law selling indulgence and paying off your sins, meaning that if you had the right amount of money one could pay its way to heaven. As said earlier, several people believed it wasn’t correct and equal; however the problem they faced in those times was that a wide range of people did not know how to read and had no evidence or proof that what the Catholic Church said was different from what was written in the bible. When well-educated theologians such Martin Luther heard about such law, he found it unacceptable, to demonstrate it, he wrote a set of points against selling indulgences and how indulgences should be. This directly â€Å"challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church on the nature of penance, the authority of the pope and the usefulness of indulgences.† (Theopedia, Encyclopedia of Christianity) Luther posted these points on the Church’s door and it grabbed people attention, nevertheless a wide range of people believed that these points were true. This was the spark of Lutheranism, a new branch of Christianity based on the Martin Luther’s ideas and works. Few years later came John Calvin, a theologian and reformer. Calvin attacked at his turn the Catholic Church. He, very similarly to Luther, believed that selling indulgences wasn’t correct and more importantly he embraced the concept of predestination, the belief that God is wanting and knows everything that might happen in one’s life. He also created a theocracy; a government that was ran by church headmen. Based on his ideas and concepts he created, at his turn, a new branch of Christianity. This was another challenge forwarded to Catholic Church. On the other hand, the Catholic Church did not change any of its laws through out the reformation period. Catholicism compared in numerous ways with both Calvinism and Lutheranism on many subjects. In Catholicism, the bible is one source of truth and church tradition is another source of truth. However in Calvinism and Lutheranism, the bible is the only source of truth. These branches also differ in how the belief is revealed, in Catholicism the priest interprets the bible and people are transmitted that information through Church teachings. On the other side, in the two other branches, people read and interpret the bible for them to find what is written. Catholicism also believes that salvation is achieved through faith and good work, and most importantly that one can pay off its sins with current money; this is way the branches differ. Selling indulgences was the result of needing money to finance lavish pope lives, and the artists they paid to work for them. This meant that the Catholic Church was widely moving away from the original biblical writing and interpreting it differently to finance personal projects. In these cases religion wasn’t respected and that is what mainly sparked these large reforms. In Catholicism, the only way to achieve salvation is through faith and good works. At those times, popes and renaissance leaders took advantage of all of these modified biblical rules and mind washed people to achieve once again personal projects. This branch of Catholicism also gave a disadvantage of unfortunate people, lower classes and poor people. During the reformation times, poor people did not know how to read and therefore could read and have their own interpretation of the bible. Their only way to know what is supposedly written was through the priest’s interpretation and Church teaching. However, as stated earlier these teachings and passing of religious laws were not accurate, they were modified by the priests and upper class barons, which obviously gave them an advantage. Lutheranism was the first branch that appeared. When Martin Luther posted the 95 theses on the Church’s doors, he expected an obvious opposition by the leaders and authorities. When Luther’s ideas started spreading the Church asked him to remove all of his works and let his projects down. Instead â€Å" he developed even more radical and new doctrines.† (Ellis and Esler 63) One of the key factors to the spread of his ideas was the existence Gutenberg’s’ invention, the printing press. It made it possible to print a large amount of copies of the 95 theses. Among his ideas, he stated that salvation could be achieved through faith and faith alone, compared to Catholicism and Calvinism. Martin also said that at the head’s church should be an elected council. Calvinism was also a source of inspiration to all of the peasants that believed that this rule has been brain washing them and in favor of the richest. It ignited revolts all over Europe and results in socio-economic changes; these were mainly present through out Germany. One of the points Luther stressed is that all Christians should have the same and equal access to religion and God. This was an immense attack to the principles of the Catholic Church. What was making the Catholic Church’s head so influent and imposing was being attacked, those times people not accessing accurate information made it possible for the authorities to remain. However, with these new prominent and seemingly fair ideas, the Church was vulnerable to new revolts and opposition. Last, Lutheranism also was a wonderful opportunity to gain power. Small German princes embraced Lutheranism for the simple reason to overthrown the current Catholic Church. On the other side, Lutheranism doesn’t share a lot of details with Catholicism; they both share monotheist views, faith in God and Jesus as well as other broad and large concepts. Lastly, Calvinism came to create a new reformed type of Protestant Christianity. John Calvin, the major author of this new branch was himself a reformer and had lived in various European countries, he was a â€Å"refugee among refugees.† (Vosloo 3) However once in Geneva, Protestant wanted him to lead their people. To do that Calvin created a theocracy, a government led by church leaders. They later on gave birth to Calvinism, which was fundamentally attached to the predestination concept.. To Calvinists, predestination is what rules our everyday life and our future, God knows what we did, do, and will do. They also believe in the idea that God has already determined who would acquire salvation, and that the world contained two different types of people, those who sinned and saints At its turn it was a way to challenge the Catholic Church since it strictly denied the existence of predestination and that there wasn’t such thing. Calvinism was not very far different from Lutheranism, both believed that the bible is the only source of information and that every citizen should read and interpret the bible by his or her own means. In this branch, work and honesty, Calvinism was so strict that anyone that engaged in laughing in church, dancing, or fighting would be heavily fined. Nevertheless, Calvinism expanded through visitors and travelers that came to Geneva to embrace the concept of Calvinism, and then brought it back home. This was so successful that in Scotland a Calvinist rebel defeated the Catholic Queen and gained power. On the other side of the English Canal, violent war was going on between Calvinists and Christians. To conclude, the reformation was a time period of questioning, a time of new reforms and equal laws. Martin Luther and John Calvin were the landmarks in these times and were the ones that ignited the reformation. Creating new religious branches, Calvinism and Lutheranism, which embraced laws that gave an opportunity to the poor to understand the true meaning of the bible. Giving this opportunity to unfortunate people helped start new socio-economic reforms in their favor. It was the fruit of Luther and Calvin’s questioning of the Church and the attack of their principles. By writing the 95 theses against selling indulgences, Luther made people aware that the Church’s laws were not always coherent. The people’s huge uncertainty toward the Catholic Church made it easier for Calvin to impose new beliefs such as predestination and a more refined and clean way of living religion. All three branches of Christianity had both common and non-common points however Lutheranism and Calvinism were much more similar than to Catholicism.